2005—2017年白云机场能见度变化特征及其与影响因子关系研究
Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Visibility in Baiyun Airport from 2005 to 2017
中文摘要：
利用广州白云机场2005—2017年的大气能见度、相对湿度、风速、气温等要素的逐时观测资料，结合花都花东站2012—2017年PM2.5 浓度的逐时观测数据，分析了近年来白云机场能见度的变化特征，探究了能见度与气象要素、大气污染物之间的关系。结果表明： 2005—2017年白云机场能见度呈逐年增大趋势，低能见度出现次数总体呈减少趋势。2—4月是机场低能见度时期，7月能见度最大。能见度日变化显著，最低能见度通常出现在清晨，午后明显好转。白云机场能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5浓度呈负相关关系，与风速、气温成正相关关系，其中PM2.5浓度对能见度的影响最明显。当相对湿度小于80%时，能见度下降得较为缓慢；而当相对湿度超过80%时，能见度急剧降低。相对湿度越大，出现低能见度所需的PM2.5浓度值就越小。地面风速在0～4 m·s-1时，相对湿度越大，能见度随风速的增长趋势越显著。
中文关键词：
能见度，气象要素，PM2.5浓度，相关分析
KeyWords：
visibility, meteorological element, PM2.5 concentration, correlation analysis
Abstract：
Based on the automatic observation system data of Guangzhou Baiyun Airport from 2005 to 2017, and the observational data of PM2.5 at Huadong Station from 2012 to 2017, this study analyzed the temporal variation and influencing factors of visibility in Baiyun Airport. The results showed that the visibility of Baiyun Airport tended to increase year after year, and the frequency of low visibility ＜ 1000 m trended to decrease. The diurnal and seasonal variation of visibility was significant, and the visibility was usually lowest in the early morning and was improved significantly in the afternoon. Visibility was significantly and positively correlated with wind speed, relative humidity, and temperature, whereas it was negatively correlated with PM2.5 and relative humidity. Among all factors, PM2.5 had dominant control on visibility. With increase of relative humidity, the visibility decreased slowly and markedly when the relative humidity was below and above 80%, respectively. When the wind speed was less than 4 m/s, the visibility increased with increase of wind speed at a greater rate at higher relative humidity conditions.