2009—2017年上海市雷电活动及灾害时空特征研究

Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Lighting and Disasters in Shanghai from 2009 to 2017

作者：

樊蕴馨北京师范大学地理科学学部环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室；北京师范大学应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院；上海市气象灾害防御技术中心北京；上海 100875；200030
徐伟北京师范大学地理科学学部环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室；北京师范大学应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院北京 100875
莫丽北京师范大学地理科学学部环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室；北京师范大学应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院北京 100875

中文摘要：

利用上海市全雷电网监测等收集的雷电及其灾情数据，通过ArcGIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法，分析2009—2017年间上海市雷电活动（致灾因子）和雷电灾情的时空特征。结果表明：上海市雷电活动年际差异明显，高发期在每年的6—9月，每天的12—17时。上海市雷电密度总体为西北高东南低，密集于中心城区、宝山区、和浦东新区北部。从天气背景场来看，“槽前型”天气背景容易导致上海雷电活动发生。上海雷电灾害时空分布与雷电致灾因子类似，高发于每年6—9月，浦东新区、宝山区和中心城区灾情相对严重，主要损失类型为“电力设施”。

中文关键词：

雷电活动，雷电灾害，时空分布，上海

KeyWords：

lightning hazard, lightning disaster, spatial-temporal pattern, Shanghai

Abstract：

In this study, the spatial-temporal patterns of the lightning strokes and disasters of Shanghai were analyzed based on the ArcGIS technology and statistical method. The results showed that the annual difference in lightning was obvious in Shanghai. Lightning was frequent from June to September and from 12:00 o'clock to 19:00 o'clock. Northwestern areas, especially the central urban area, Baoshan district, and the north of Pudong district, had high lightning density. Trough type weather was easier to trigger lightning than other types of weather in Shanghai. The spatial-patterns of lightning disasters were very similar to the ones related to lightning. Power facilities damage was the most serious lighting disasters.