阜康地区夏季短时强降水时空分布特征
Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Summertime Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall in FuKang
中文摘要：
利用阜康地区气象自动站2013—2021年夏季逐小时降水量资料，分析了研究区夏季短时强降水过程（一天中有一个或以上的小时降水量≥10 mm）的时空分布特征。结果表明：阜康夏季短时强降水总体呈现随海拔高度升高，发生频次增多的特征，在水平和垂直空间上的分布呈现明显的不均衡性；受阜康特殊地势的影响，山区短时强降水空间分布特征与夏季洪水发生规律基本一致、呈现西多东少的特点，平原地区呈现南多北少的特点；时间分布上，8月中旬是研究区短时强降水最为活跃的时期，其中山区降水日变化呈双峰型分布，18：00—次日03：00（北京时，下同）为降水活跃期，主峰和次峰分别在02：00和21：00，与天山北坡累计降水量高值时段出现在夜间，且自西向东降水量的单峰形态有向双峰结构演变的趋势结论一致；平原短时强降水主要时段在19：00—24：00，为单峰型，峰值出现在22：00；20 mm以上的极端短时强降水过程集中出现在6月下旬和8月中旬。
中文关键词：
阜康；短时强降水；时空分布
KeyWords：
Fukang, short-duration heavy rainfall, temporal and spatial distribution
Abstract：
Based on the summertime hourly precipitation data of automatic meteorological stations in Fukang from 2013 to 2021, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the summertime short-term heavy rainfall processes in the study area (one or more cases of hourly precipitation≥10 mm in a day) are analyzed. The results show that the short-term heavy rainfall in Fukang is characterized by the increased occurrence times with the elevation, with unbalanced horizontal and vertical distributions; Affected by the special terrain of Fukang, the special distribution of short-term heavy rainfall in the mountainous areas complies with the occurrence law of summertime flood, exhibiting the feature of more in the west, less in the east, while in the plain, it turns out to be more in the south and less in the north; As for temporal distribution, the most active period of short-term heavy rainfall in the study area is in the middle of August, and the diurnal variation of precipitation in the mountainous areas presents the feature of bimodal distribution, with the active rainfall period from 18:00 BT to 03:00 BT of the following day. The main peak and the secondary peak are at 02:00 BT and 21:00 BT respectively, which is consistent with the conclusion that the high value period of accumulated precipitation on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain occurs at night, and that the single peak form of precipitation from the west to the east is prone to evolve into a bimodal structure. There is a single peak form in the plain, with the active rainfall period of 19:00 BT－24:00 BT and the peaking at 22:00 BT. The extreme short-time heavy rainfall processes of more than 20 mm mainly occur in late June and mid-August.