平流层与对流层相互作用的研究进展
Progress in the Study of Stratosphere-Troposphere Interaction
中文摘要：
平流层和对流层大气是地球气候系统中的重要组成部分，众多研究表明两者的动力耦合非常密切，平流层并非仅仅被动地接受对流层扰动的影响，强的平流层异常也会对主要发生在对流层的天气、气候现象产生影响。主要介绍了平流层和对流层大气相互作用方面的一些研究工作，从引起平流层环流变化的扰动因子出发，总结了对流层大气波动、赤道纬向风准两年振荡、ENSO海温异常和太阳11年周期活动对平流层大气的影响。平流层环流发生改变后，会有环流异常信号从平流层向下传播至对流层，有关北极涛动（AO）的研究很好地证明了这点：平流层中AO异常的信号总是领先于对流层中的AO异常。伴随着平流层和对流层大气之间的动力耦合过程，上、下层大气之间有显著的物质交换（STE）进行，在不同的纬度存在着不同空间尺度、不同作用形式的STE过程，而STE是控制人为和自然排放的痕量化学物质影响大气成分分布的重要过程。还介绍了中层大气模式的发展和应用情况，改进模式中的辐射传输和重力波参数化方案，实现大气化学过程、动力过程和微物理过程的充分耦合是发展中层大气模式的主要工作。在气候变化的背景下加强平流层-对流层大气耦合系统及其相互作用的研究具有重要的科学和现实意义。
中文关键词：
：平流层—对流层相互作用，平流层—对流层交换，中层大气模式，北极涛动，大气波动
KeyWords：
Stratosphere-troposphere interaction, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, middle atmospheric model, Arctic oscillation, atmospheric wave
Abstract：
Stratosphere and troposphere are both important components in the Earth’s climate system, and many investigations have shown that there exists a close dynamical relationship between them. Stratosphere does not just passively receive the disturbances and wave energies from the troposphere. Strong stratospheric anomalies are able to influence the weather and climate which mainly happened in the troposphere as well. In this paper, we mainly review related researches about the interactions between stratosphere and troposphere. Starting from the disturbed factors coming from the troposphere, we have summarized the influences of the tropospheric wave actions, the QBO effects, the ENSO events and the 11-year sunspot cycle on stratospheric circulations. Then, the anomalous signals after the changes of stratospheric circulations which are propagated from the stratosphere down to the troposphere have been accounted. It is revealed that signals of the stratospheric AO anomalies are always ahead of the tropospheric ones. On the other hand, with the dynamic coupling processes between the stratosphere and troposphere, apparent stratosphere-troposphere exchanges (STE) are bound to occur, and in different latitudes areas, the STE processes have different special scales and varying characteristics. Furthermore, the STE of air mass and chemical species is a significant process influencing the effects of trace chemical species emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources on the atmospheric composition. Finally, we have also discussed the development and application of numerical models for the middle atmosphere. For the improvement of the middle atmosphere models, the radiation scheme and the gravity wave parameterization scheme are the main focuses for physical processes, while the full coupling between atmospheric chemical and dynamical as well as micro-physical processes is another aspect of model development. Against the background of climate change, exerting further efforts to investigate the stratosphere-troposphere coupling system and their interaction has an important scientific and practical significance for a better understanding of the science of climate change and improvement of the projection of the future change of the climate system.