卫星遥感在青藏高原大气科学研究中的应用前景
The Potential Satellite Applications in the Atmospheric Sciences Study on the Tibetan Plateau
中文摘要：
青藏高原幅员辽阔，地形复杂，地面观测站点稀少，气象卫星观测区域大、频次高的优势可以弥补地面观测不足。与第一次、第二次青藏高原大气科学试验时相比，现在气象卫星的观测能力已经有质的跨越，风云极轨卫星的观测能力从1km已提高到250m，静止卫星的观测时效已由1h缩短到15min。有效利用现有卫星观测能力和长时间序列的气象卫星观测历史数据，将推动第三次青藏高原大气科学试验以及后续的大气科学研究工作。针对青藏高原大气科学研究，需要实施卫星加密观测，开展青藏高原近30年天气系统及其气候特征分析，开展长时间序列卫星数据的精准定标与定位技术研究，生成长时间序列卫星遥感产品基础数据库，对高原气候与环境演变进行分析，并发展利用风云卫星数据产品改善数值模式物理参数化的新技术。
中文关键词：
卫星应用，青藏高原，大气科学研究，风云卫星，遥感
KeyWords：
satellite application, Tibet Plateau, atmospheric science research, Fengyun satellite, remote sensing
Abstract：
The Tibet Plateau covers a huge area with deep valleys and high mountains. The in-situ observations are very sparse on the Tibet Plateau. Satellite observation may complement in-situ observation by taking the advantage of the wide coverage and the high frequent observations. In comparison with the first and second Tibetan Plateau experiments of atmospheric sciences, observing capability has been improved and great progress has been made by the Fengyun polar orbiting satellite and geostationary satellite. The spatial resolution of the Fengyun polar orbiting satellite was improved from 1 km to 250m and the temporal resolution was shortened from 1 hour to 15 minutes. The engaging Fengyun satellite observation and the real utilization of long-time series of data and products derived from Fengyun satellites and other satellites will promote the third Tibetan Plateau experiment of atmospheric sciences and the following atmospheric science research on the Tibetan Plateau. Satellite observation will make great contributions in the following six aspects, such as providing more frequent observations over the Tibet Plateau, analyzing weather systems and climate characters in the past 30 years, studying on the calibration and positioning of long-time series of satellite data, producing the basic remote sensing product datasets with long-time series, analyzing the climate and eco-environment changes and developing a new methodology to improve the physical parameterization in the numerical model with the utilization of the Fengyun satellite data and products.