气象卫星微波湿度计资料简介
An Introduction to Satellite-based Microwave Humidity Sounding Data
中文摘要：
第一个先进微波湿度计（AMSU-B）搭载于1998年5月13日发射的美国国家海洋与大气局（NOAA）卫星 NOAA-15（http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/33）。它与第一个先进微波温度计（AMSU-A）一起分别完成对大气水汽和温度的垂直探测。与红外或可见光频段不同，微波可以穿透非降水云，因而微波湿度计可以观测到除强降水以外各种天气条件下的水汽信息。AMSU-B有5个通道，与AMSU-A的15个通道一起通称为AMSU，AMSU-B的通道1～5对应AMSU通道16～20。AMSU-B通道1～2是两个窗区通道，它们的中心频率分别位于89.9和150GHz附近，用来观测地表温度和地面发射率等参数；AMSU-B通道3～5是3个大气探测通道， 它们的中心频率分别位于（183.31±1）、（183.31±3）、（183.31±7）GHz附近的水汽吸收带，主要用来观测对流层中下层的水汽分布。AMSU-B的其他一些仪器参数见表1。……
中文关键词：
微波湿度计
KeyWords：
MicroWave Humidity Sounder
Abstract：
With the successful launch of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) meteorological satellite NOAA-15 on May 13, 1998, the first Advanced Microwave Humidity Sounding Units-B (AMSU-B)(http://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/instruments/view/33) came into use. AMSU-B and the first Advanced Microwave Temperature Sounding Units-A (AMSU-A) also on board NOAA-15 were designed to monitor atmospheric humidity and temperature profiles, respectively. Different from visible or infrared bands, microwave is capable of penetrating through non-precipitation clouds, and can thus operate in all-weather conditions except for heavy rainfall. Combining the five channels of AMSU-B with the 15 channels of AMSU-A gives the so-called 20 AMSU channels. In other words, AMSU channels 16-20 correspond to AMSU-B channels 1-5. The two AMSU-B window channels 1-2 have their center frequencies located at 89.9 and 150 GHz, respectively, providing measurements of surface parameters such as surface temperature and surface emissivity. The three AMSU-B sounding channels 3-5 have their central frequencies located on the 183.31 GHz vapor absorption line. Specifically, the center frequencies of AMSU-B channels 3, 4 and 5 are located at (183.31±1), (183.31±3), (183.31±7) GHz, respectively. AMSU-B channels 3-5 are designed to profile the water vapor in the troposphere. Some other channel characteristics of AMSU-B can be found in Table 1. ……