2008—2017年深圳降水时空特征研究
Temporal and Spatial Precipitation Characteristics in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2017
作者：
- 卢晓雄 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院；湘潭大学 深圳；湘潭 518055；411100
- 李晴岚 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 深圳 518055
- 陈申鹏 深圳市气象局，深圳市国家气候观象台 深圳 518040
- 张凯 深圳市气象局/深圳南方强天气研究重点实验室 深圳 518040
- 孙立群 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 深圳 518055
- 陈潜 深圳市气象局 深圳 518040
- 张立杰 深圳市气象局/深圳市国家气候观象台/深圳南方强天气研究重点实验室 深圳 518040
中文摘要：
利用深圳市2008—2017年数据完整率超过95%的78个自动气象站小时雨量资料，采用一种“邻近”站点添补方法对缺失和异常数据进行添补，对深圳市近10年的年降雨量和月降雨量的时空特征进行研究，使用深圳国家基本站数据分析降水的日内变化特征和规律。结果表明：深圳市近10年的年平均降雨量为1863.9 mm，大部分行政区降水有不显著（p=0.05）微弱上升，10年间的降雨日有不显著的增加。年内各月降雨分配不均，6月降雨最多。各月降雨的变化幅度不一致，5、6和8月年际变化相对较大。降雨的日内变化特征表现为，夜间降雨少于白天，春季降雨峰值出现在午后，夏季降雨峰值出现在午前，秋季降雨具有双峰性，冬季降雨少，日内分布相对均匀。月降雨空间分布上呈现两种型态，第一模态是深圳西北地区降雨低于其他地区降雨，降雨高值集中在中部地区和东南地区；第二模态是深圳地区月降雨呈现西北向东南方向逐级增加或减少。研究深圳地区降雨的时空特征，对深圳市防汛抗灾，水资源的利用和管理具有重要指导意义。
中文关键词：
深圳市，降雨，时空特征
KeyWords：
Shenzhen, precipitation, temporal and spatial characteristics
Abstract：
This study used the hourly precipitation data of 78 automatic weather stations (AWSs) in Shenzhen with more than 95% data availability from 2008 to 2017.The missing and abnormal data for the AWSs were first replaced or corrected by the nearest several sites which are at the same side relative to a mountain area. Based on these available and corrected data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the monthly and yearly rainfall were explored. Furthermore, the variation of the daily rainfall was investigated by using the hourly data of Shenzhen National Basic Station. The results showed that: the annual mean precipitation in Shenzhen was 1863.9 mm from 2008 to 2017. During the past 10 years, the yearly precipitation in most of the administrative districts in Shenzhen was slightly increasing. The rainy days were slightly increasing too. However, these two increasing trends were not significant at 5% level. The monthly rainfall distribution in a year was not even, with the maximum rainfall amount in June. In the past 10 years, the variation rate of precipitation for each month was not consistent. In May, June and August, the annual variation was relatively big. For the daily rainfall distribution, it was found that rainfall was generally bigger during the daytime than the nighttime. The rainfall peak hour was in the afternoon in spring; the rainfall peak hour was before noon in summer and there were two peak times for the daily rainfall in autumn. The rainy days were very few in winter and the hourly rainfall distribution in a day was relatively even. In terms of spatial distribution for the month rainfall, there were two patterns. Firstly, the precipitation in the central region and southeast area was relatively high; while the precipitation in the northwest region was relatively low. Secondly, the monthly precipitation increased (or decreased) gradually from northwest to southeast. Studying of the temporal and spatial precipitation characteristics in Shenzhen was valuable for the local disaster prevention due to heavy rainfall and was of great guidance to the utilization and management of water resources in the area.