闪电回击过程中高层建筑物顶部感应电流电荷特征分析

Induced Current and Charge at the Top of High Buildings During Lightning Return Stroke

作者：

蔡然深圳市气象服务中心深圳 518000
罗欣深圳市气象公共安全技术支持中心深圳 518040
高彦香港理工大学香港
杜其江深圳市气象服务中心深圳 518000
庄红波深圳市气象服务中心/深圳市国家气候观象台深圳 518000
彭筱虹广东省东莞市气象局东莞 523086
傅春华广东省东莞市气象局东莞 523086

中文摘要：

基于深圳气象局石岩观测基地的梯度塔雷电观测影像，以深圳市地标性建筑物、建筑物群为例，利用COMSOL仿真软件，建立了接近自然闪电的模拟通道，对建筑物周围环境和观测到的实际闪电通道进行建模，研究闪电下行先导接近地面时，与地面凸起的物体（例如高塔和高建筑物）激发上行先导的连接过程。分析得出：在自然闪电发展过程中，高层建筑物对其顶部产生的感应电荷和感应电流的影响，研究得出具体的量化指标，即在绝大多数情况下，高层建筑物对闪电所引起的感应电流和感应电荷的扩大系数在2.0～4.5，同时发现有无相邻建筑物对建筑物顶部感应电荷的扩大系数影响很小。

中文关键词：

高层建筑，闪电，扩大系数，感应电荷，感应电流

KeyWords：

high buildings, lightning, enlargement coefficient, induced charge, induced current

Abstract：

In this paper, based on the lightning images from observation tower in Shiyan Observatory of Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau and COMSOL simulation, a simulation channel close to natural lightning is established to model the surrounding environment of the building and the observed lightning channel (taking landmark buildings and building groups in Shenzhen as an example). Meanwhile, the connection process between the downward leader and the upstream leader stimulated by the raised objects (such as towers and tall buildings) is analyzed when the downward leader approaches the ground. The influence of the high buildings on the induced charge and current on the top of the natural lightning is also analyzed, and the specific quantitative indicators are obtained. In most cases, the enlargement coefficient of high buildings to the induced charge and current caused by lightning ranges between 2 and 4.5, and that whether there are surrounding buildings or not has little influence on such coefficient.