半世纪来贵州雷山降水及气温特征与喀斯特地貌溶蚀性分析
Precipitation and Air Temperature Characteristics and Karst Landform Solubility Analysis for Recent Half Century in Leishan Guizhou
中文摘要：
利用贵州省雷山国家气象站1961—2015年55 a的气温和降水观测资料，采用统计分析的方法，分析雷山县近55a来的气温和降水的变化特征及趋势。结果表明：近半世纪来，雷山县降雨主要发生在6月，月平均降雨量和降雨日数分别为250.5 mm和18.9 d；年平均降雨量呈增多趋势，其趋向率为0.37 mm/10 a，而年降雨日数却呈减少趋势，其趋向率为?-3.07 d/10 a，其主要原因是夏季降水强度增强、频次增多所致，其次为冬季降水；年平均气温以0.08 ℃/10 a趋势上升，且近10 a气温呈明显增加趋势，波谷与波峰之间振幅明显，从各季节分析，各季气温均以不同程度上升，其中又以冬季和秋季贡献最大，增温率分别达0.12 ℃/10 a及0.11 ℃/10 a；贵州雷山地处亚热带季风气候区，气候湿润、降水丰富、降水量大、流水作用强烈、地表径流相对稳定，逐年降水量和逐年平均气温的上升引起的喀斯特地貌溶蚀性潜能呈上升趋势。
中文关键词：
降水，气温，特征，溶蚀性
KeyWords：
precipitation, temperature, characteristics, solubility
Abstract：
Temporal variations of air temperature and precipitation in the past 55 years were analyzed for Leishan County by using statistical methods and observational data of Leishan National Weather Station from 1961 to 2015. The results showed that rainy days at Leishan County in the last half century mainly occurred in June, with average rainfall and rainy days in June being 250.5 mm and 18.9 days, respectively. While the average annual rainfall increased at a rate of 0.37 mm per 10 years, the annual rainy day decreased at a rate of 3.07 day per 10 years. The main reason was the increase in the rainfall intensity and frequency in summer followed by winter. Annual average temperature increased at a rate of 0.08 degrees per 10 year with more obvious increase in the recent 10 years when there was an obvious increasing trend of amplitude between trough and crest. Air temperature increased in each season to different degrees, with winter (0.12℃/10 years) followed autumn (0.11℃/10 years) being the season with the greatest increase. The increase in annual precipitation and annual average air temperature resulted in a potential increase of Karst landform solubility and erosion.