民用无人机作业气象标准制订及气象保障体系构建浅析
Analysis on Meteorological Standards Setting of Civil UAV Operation and Construction of Meteorological Support System
中文摘要：
我国民用无人机作业在影视、农林、勘测、安防等诸多领域得到了广泛应用，作业高度多在低空空域，属于通用航空（通航）领域的应用分支。气象服务作为飞行最重要的基础保障之一，日益成为制约我国通航产业发展的瓶颈。该领域尚缺少系统性、针对性的气象指标和保障措施。本文从无人机作业领域、气象影响因素、无人机作业气象标准制订方面提出了“多部门联合”共建无人机作业气象标准的思路。并以无人机作业气象系列标准中的植保作业为例，给出了作业期间天气实况、预报信息登记表，为气象服务提供数据记录蓝本。其次，就当前无人机作业气象保障存在的短板，从气象指标体系构建、多元数据融合产品研发、通信机制的建立完善等方面提出了展望，旨在为完善无人机作业气象保障体系提供思路和建议，并为拓展通航气象服务新领域、创新发展奠定理论基础。
中文关键词：
无人机作业，气象标准，多部门联合，气象保障体系
KeyWords：
UAV operation, meteorological standards, multi-sectoral cooperation, meteorological support system
Abstract：
In China, Civil UAV operation has been used in a variety of fields, such as film and television, agriculture and forestry, survey and se urity. The operation altitude of UAV operation is mostly in low altitude airspace, which belongs to the application branch of general aviation (GA) field. As one of the most important basic guarantees of UAV operation, meteorological services have increasingly become a bottleneck restricting the development of China’s GA industry. Currently there is a lack of systematic and targeted meteorological indicators and support measures. Based on UAV application fields, meteorological influencing factors and the formulation of UAV operation meteorological standards, this paper puts forward the idea of “multi-sectoral cooperation” to build the UAV operation meteorological index system. The plant protection operation is taken as an example, and both the weather information record and the weather forecast record for UAV plant protection operation are provided references for the development of meteorological services. Then, the future outlook of meteorological support for UAV operation, which is still insufficient, is proposed from the aspects of meteorological index system construction, multiple data fusion, and the establishment and improvement of communication mechanism. It is hoped that the research results can not only offer some advice and suggestions for the establishment of meteorological support system for UAV operation but also lay the theoretical foundation for expanding new fields and innovative development of GA meteorological services.