湿球温度快速计算方法研究及误差来源分析
Research on Rapid Calculation Method of Wet Bulb Temperature and Analysis of Error Source
中文摘要：
湿球温度是进行暖通空调和建筑设计等工程中必需的一个重要环境参数。但由于各种原因，国内各地气象站自2000年之后已经陆续停止了湿球温度的人工观测项目。为解决工程设计中缺少这个环境参数的问题，本文设计了一种利用气温、相对湿度和气压快速计算湿球温度的算法，并给出了Python语言实现的该算法的关键部分。经过比测，计算结果与传统人工观测相差较小，大部分情形下与观测结果一致。与常用的遍历法给出的结果差别很小（＜0.01 ℃）。此方法计算速度极快，绝大多数情况下可在3步循环内计算得到精度在0.01 ℃的结果，完全可以满足实际工作中湿球温度的计算需求。最后给出了宁夏地区不同年代的夏季室外计算湿球温度的统计结果，分析了计算结果误差产生的主要来源，并给出了提高计算精度的思路。
中文关键词：
湿球温度，快速计算法，误差来源，Python
KeyWords：
wet bulb temperature, rapid calculation method, error source, Python
Abstract：
Wet bulb temperatures are an important environmental parameter for construction projects such as HVAC and building design. However, due to various reasons, meteorological stations across China have stopped the manual observation of wet bulb temperature since 2000. In order to solve the problem of the lack of this environmental parameter in the engineering design, this paper not only puts forward an algorithm that uses air temperature, relative humidity and air pressure to quickly calculate the temperature of the wet bulb, but also gives the key part of the algorithm implemented in python language. The comparative measurement shows that the differences between the calculation results and the traditional manual observations remain small, and in most cases the former is consistent with the latter. To be specific, the difference between the calculated results and those from the commonly used traversal lookup method is tiny (＜ 0.01 ℃). The calculation speed of the proposed method is extremely fast, and in most cases, the result with an accuracy of 0.01 ℃ can be calculated in a 3-step cycle, which can fully meet the calculation needs of the wet bulb temperature in actual work. Finally, the statistical results of the calculated summertime outdoor wet bulb temperature in different years in Ningxia are listed to analyze the main sources of error in calculation results and to offer suggestions for improving the calculation accuracy.