热浪对人体健康影响的研究进展
Research Progress in Impact of Heat Wave on Human Health
中文摘要：
热浪对人体健康影响显著，随着全球变暖，其发生频率、强度还会继续增加。通过对国内外研究的概述，发现热浪期间发热、中暑、心脑血管疾病、呼吸道疾病、精神病、部分传染病等疾病发病率、热相关死亡率增加，老年人、儿童及一些慢性病患者更易受影响；影响程度与热浪特征、社会因素、行为因素及空气污染有关，并存在“滞后效应”和“收获效应”。另外，简要介绍了主要的热浪研究方法。目前，对热浪研究主要集中于统计学方法，动物实验和人群实验研究比较少，对此，今后应更注重通过实验方法研究热浪对人体各类疾病的影响。
中文关键词：
热浪，疾病，死亡率，流行病学特征
KeyWords：
heat wave, disease, mortality, epidemiological characteristic
Abstract：
Heat wave has a significant impact on human health. The on-going climate change is predicted to yield a growing number of heat waves which will be aggravated in both intensity and frequency. In this paper, the increasing incidence of mortality and morbidity of many diseases such as fever, heat stroke, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, mental illness, some infectious diseases and others during heat wave was reviewed, especially the elderly, children and patients with some chronic diseases. This effect was also related with heat wave itself, socioeconomic factors, behavioral factors and air pollution. In addition, there were "lag effects and harvesting". The study methods were also summarized briefly. Most of the study methods focused on statistical methods, but animal experiments and crowd experimental studies were few, so more attention should be paid to influences that heat wave makes on various types of human diseases by experimental methods.