湖南省雷电活动及雷灾特征分析
Characteristics of Lightning Activity and Lightning Disaster in Hunan
中文摘要：
基于湖南省各气象台站1956—2013年的雷暴观测资料和2008—2017年的ADTD闪电监测定位数据，运用数理统计方法对湖南省雷电时空分布及雷电灾害进行了统计分析。分析结果表明：湖南省年均雷暴日数为49.9 d，总体上呈现出缓慢的递减趋势，每10年减少约3.493 d；全省平均每年观测到的地闪回击频次约34万次；每年3月开始雷电活动逐步加强，7月、8月是雷电活动高峰期；雷电逐时分布呈现单峰型，主要集中在15—17时；岳阳、长沙、怀化、邵阳等地发生的雷电灾害偏多；因雷击造成的人员伤亡大部分发生在农村，农村防雷安全工作亟需加强 。
中文关键词：
雷电活动，雷电灾害，分布特征，农村防雷
KeyWords：
lightning activity, lightning disaster, distribution characteristics, lightning protection of rural
Abstract：
Based on the thunderstorm observation data from 1956 to 2013 of meteorological stations in Hunan, the lightning monitoring data from 2008 to 2017, and lightning disaster data from 2002 to 2017, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of lightening activities and lightning disaster in Hunan were analyzed. The results showed that the annual average number of thunderstorm days in Hunan was 49.9; it decreased at a rate of 3.493 days /10 years. The CG lightning return stroke observed in the whole province was on average about 340,000 times per year, with July and August being the peak months of the lightning return stroke. Hourly distribution of lightning return stroke appeared as a single-peak which occurred mainly from 15:00 to 17:00. Yueyang, Changsha, Huaihua, and Shaoyang were the lightning disaster-prone areas. Most lightning casualties have occurred in rural. Therefore, lightning protection safety work of the rural needs to be strengthened.