基于NPP的青海省草地生态足迹以及生态承载力估算——以海晏县为例
Estimation of Grassland Ecological Footprint and Ecological Carrying Capacity Based on NPP in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province
中文摘要：
基于NPP（植被净初级生产力）数据以及统计数据，通过生态足迹以及生态承载力计算模型，对2000—2020年海晏县草地生态足迹以及生态承载力进行了估算。结果表明：海晏县草地NPP多年平均值为368.96 gC·m－2·a－1；空间分布具有一定的垂直地带性，具体表现为随海拔升高，NPP逐渐降低；21 a间海晏县草地人均生态足迹呈缓慢上升的趋势，平均生态足迹为0.24 hm2·cap－1，2020年海晏县草地生态足迹较2000年增长了0.16 hm2·cap－1；草地人均生态足迹最小的区域分布于草地生产力较强的中部区域，最大的区域主要分布于环湖北部以及北部高海拔的部分区域；草地人均生态承载力呈微弱降低的趋势，空间分布特征表现为北部以及中部减少，西南以及东南部增加，草地生态承载力较大的区域分布于甘子河乡、金滩乡以及青海湖乡，面积占比约为67.93%；全县草地生态赤字/盈余的平均值为2.87hm2·cap－1，呈由四周向中部逐渐增加的分布格局，总体上每年的数值均＞0，表明区域草地生态系统处于盈余的状态，未出现较大环境危机。
中文关键词：
生态足迹，生态承载力，草地，植被净初级生产力
KeyWords：
ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, grassland, net primary productivity of vegetation
Abstract：
Based on NPP data and statistical data, this paper estimated the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of grassland in Haiyan County from 2000 to 2020 through ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity calculation model. The results show that the average annual NPP of grassland in Haiyan County is 368.96 gC·m－2·a－1. NPP decreases with the increase of altitude, exhibiting a certain level of vertical zonality. In recent 21 years, the per capita ecological footprint of grassland in Haiyan County has increased slowly, and the average ecological footprint is 0.24 hm2·Cap－1. Compared with the figure in 2000, the ecological footprint of grassland in Haiyan County increased by 0.16 hm2·Cap－1 in 2020. The smallest grassland ecological footprint is distributed in the central region with strong grassland productivity, while the largest grassland ecological footprint is mainly distributed to the north of Qinghai Lake and some areas of high altitude in the north. The ecological carrying capacity shows a slightly decreasing trend, falling in the northern and central regions but rising in the southwest and southeast regions. Higher grassland ecological carrying capacity is identified in Ganzihe town, Jintan town and Qinghai Lake town, accounting for 67.93% of the total area. The average value of grassland ecological deficit/surplus is 2.87 hm2·Cap－1, increasing gradually from the periphery to the middle of the county. In general, the annual values are all greater than 0, indicating that the regional grassland ecosystem is in surplus and there is no major environmental crisis.